FMCSA roadside inspection library

DOT Violation Codes Explained for Trucking Companies

Find the exact inspection code on your report. Each guide explains the rule in plain English, common inspection situations, evidence to preserve, and questions to ask before filing a DataQ challenge.

Check my DOT safety record Browse 25 violation guidesCrash Preventability Program

Use the exact code

Suffixes matter. Two codes under the same federal section may describe different equipment, documentation, or hours-of-service findings.

Separate correction from repair

Corrective action keeps equipment and operations compliant. A DataQ requires a reason the original federal or state data is incomplete or incorrect.

Verify the official record

Confirm the violation description, vehicle or driver, BASIC assignment, out-of-service status, and source inspection before deciding what to do.

Violation-code library

Common FMCSA violation codes by category

This library prioritizes frequently cited roadside conditions and high-interest driver and vehicle compliance questions.

Lighting

393.9Inoperable Required LampVehicle Maintenance

A lamp required by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations was recorded as missing, damaged, or not operating when inspected.

393.11Required Lamps and Reflective MaterialVehicle Maintenance

Required lighting devices, conspicuity treatment, or reflective material were recorded as missing, defective, improperly placed, or otherwise noncompliant.

393.9BRKLAMPInoperative Brake LampsVehicle Maintenance

One or more brake lamps were recorded as inoperative when the service brakes were applied.

Brakes

393.47EBrake Out of AdjustmentVehicle Maintenance

A brake was recorded outside the applicable adjustment limit based on pushrod travel or another approved measurement.

393.48AInoperative or Defective BrakesVehicle Maintenance

A required brake was recorded as inoperative or unable to perform as required.

396.3A1BOS20 Percent or More Defective BrakesVehicle Maintenance

Twenty percent or more of the service brakes on the vehicle or combination were recorded with out-of-service brake defects.

393.45B2Brake Hose Chafing or KinkingVehicle Maintenance

Brake tubing or hose was recorded as chafed, kinked, damaged, or inadequately protected.

Tires and wheels

393.75A3Flat Tire or Audible Air LeakVehicle Maintenance

A tire was recorded as flat or leaking enough for escaping air to be heard during the roadside inspection.

393.75CTire Tread Depth Below 2/32 InchVehicle Maintenance

A non-steering-axle tire was recorded with tread depth below 2/32 of an inch in a major tread groove.

393.75BFront Tire Tread Below 4/32 InchVehicle Maintenance

A tire on the front wheels of a bus, truck, or truck tractor was recorded below the 4/32-inch tread-depth requirement.

Inspection and maintenance

396.17CNo Proof of Periodic InspectionVehicle Maintenance

The driver or carrier could not produce the required evidence that the commercial motor vehicle had passed a periodic inspection within the required interval.

396.3A1Inspection, Repair, and MaintenanceVehicle Maintenance

The carrier was cited under the general duty to systematically inspect, repair, and maintain vehicles so that parts and accessories remain in safe operating condition.

ELD and hours of service

395.8EFalse Record of Duty StatusHours-of-Service Compliance

A driver’s record of duty status was recorded as false because the logged status, location, time, or activity did not match other evidence.

395.8AELDNo Record of Duty Status When ELD RequiredHours-of-Service Compliance

A driver who was required to use an electronic logging device was recorded without an available record of duty status.

395.8Record of Duty Status Form and MannerHours-of-Service Compliance

A driver’s record of duty status was recorded with missing, incomplete, or improperly formatted required information.

395.22GPortable ELD Not Properly MountedHours-of-Service Compliance

A portable electronic logging device was recorded as not mounted in a fixed position visible to the driver while seated in the normal driving position.

Hours of service

395.3A3IDriving Beyond the 11-Hour LimitHours-of-Service Compliance

A property-carrying driver was recorded driving more than 11 hours after 10 consecutive hours off duty.

395.3A3IIDriving Without the Required 30-Minute BreakHours-of-Service Compliance

A property-carrying driver was recorded driving after eight cumulative hours of driving without at least a 30-minute interruption that satisfied the rule.

Cargo securement

393.100BCCargo Not Secured Against Leaking or FallingVehicle Maintenance

Cargo was recorded as inadequately contained, immobilized, or secured against leaking, spilling, blowing, shifting, or falling from the vehicle.

Visibility

393.78Inoperative or Damaged Windshield WipersVehicle Maintenance

A required windshield wiping system was recorded as missing, damaged, or unable to keep the windshield clear.

393.60CDamaged or Discolored WindshieldVehicle Maintenance

The windshield was recorded with damage or discoloration that violated the location or condition restrictions in the federal rule.

Emergency equipment

393.95AMissing, Discharged, or Unsecured Fire ExtinguisherVehicle Maintenance

The commercial motor vehicle’s required fire extinguisher was recorded as missing, discharged, improperly rated, or not securely mounted.

Driver safety

392.16Failure to Use a Seat BeltUnsafe Driving

A commercial motor vehicle driver was recorded as operating without properly using the installed seat belt.

Driver qualification

383.23A2Operating a CMV Without a Required CDLDriver Fitness

A driver was recorded as operating a commercial motor vehicle without the commercial driver’s license required for that vehicle or operation.

Carrier identification

390.21TB2DOTUSDOT Number Not DisplayedVerify the inspection record

A commercial motor vehicle was recorded as operating without the carrier’s USDOT number displayed as required.

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Selection informed by FMCSA roadside inspection data. Guides provide general information, not legal advice or a guaranteed DataQs outcome.